Abstract:
Based on the daily precipitation data from 206 meteorological observation stations in seven provinces of southern China between 1961 and 2020 provided by the National Meteorological Science Data Center, the 95th percentile extreme precipitation for three periods, 20:00 BT-08:00 BT (nighttime), 08:00 BT-20:00 BT (daytime), and 20:00 BT- 20:00 BT (all-day) was extracted by percentile method. The temporal and spatial characteristics of extreme precipitation, frequency, the earliest start time, and the latest end time over 60 years were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) The spatial distribution characteristics for nighttime, daytime, and all-day extreme precipitation thresholds are similar, but the extreme precipitation at nighttime is larger than that at daytime. (2) For the long-term change, both the extreme precipitation and frequency in southern China are increasing significantly. More than 70% of the stations show increases in nighttime and daytime extreme precipitation and frequency, and nearly 80% of the stations show increases in all-day extreme precipitation and frequency. (3) The spatial distribution of extreme precipitation in southern China exhibits nonuniform patterns and varies between day and night. The high-value areas of the annual mean extreme precipitation amount are located in the southern parts of Guangdong and Guangxi, with the annual average extreme precipitation at night being larger than that at daytime. The spatial distribution of the annual average extreme precipitation frequency is obviously different from that of extreme precipitation amount. The high-frequency areas of extreme precipitation for daytime and all-day periods are located in the central and eastern parts of southern China, while night extreme precipitation at night is mainly concentrated in the northwest of Southern China. (4) The period of extreme precipitation from beginning to end in southern China is lengthening. More than 60% of the stations show an earlier start and later end time trend for both nighttime and daytime extreme precipitation, and more than 67% of stations exhibit a similar trend for all-day extreme precipitation. Overall and on average, the start time advances by 2 days per 10 years, and the end time delays by 2 days in 10 years. The earliest onset time of extreme precipitation appears in the central part of South China, and the latest onset time occurs in the southwestern part of Guangdong and the western part of Guangxi and Guizhou. The earliest end time of extreme precipitation appears in north Jiangxi with the latest end time in east Zhejiang.