Abstract:
The vortexes are important weather systems that cause regional rainstorms in Zhejiang. To investigate the atmospheric circulation patterns and their associated dominant ensemble dynamic factors, we classify the circulations of 44 vortexes that induced rainstorm in Zhejiang and surrounding areas based on grided daily precipitation data, as well as the NCEP-FNL reanalysis data from 2016 to 2023. The classification is achieved using the Multi-Variable Empirical Orthogonal Functions (MVEOF) combined with an objective typing method that integrates Simulated Annealing and Diversified Randomization (SANDRA). Additionally, we diagnose the preferred ensemble dynamic factors contributing to the rainstorms under different circulation patterns. Results show that both classification methods categorize rainstorm-induced vortexes into three types: warm sector type, frontal type, and return flow type, with warm sector type occurring most frequently, followed by the frontal type, and the return flow type being the least common. Under various circulation patterns, vortexes typically induce precipitation in central and western Zhejiang. The warm-sector type, characterized by consistent southwesterly winds, produces the strongest rainstorm and widest coverage. The diagnosis and selection of ensemble dynamic factors under different circulation patterns reveal that external conditions causing rainstorms in Zhejiang vary among types. For the warm sector type, mesoscale dynamic factors are the preferred factors; in the frontal type, in addition to mesoscale factors, large-scale water vapor and vertical motion induced by the vortexes also play a role; in the return flow type, the influence of mesoscale factors diminishes, while the role of large-scale divergence-related factors increases significantly.