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基于GPM DPR资料的浙东不同地形下台风降水结构研究

Study on the precipitation structure of typhoons over different terrains in eastern Zhejiang based on GPM DPR data

  • 摘要: 基于全球降水观测卫星(Global Precipitation Measurement,GPM)星载双频降水雷达(Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar,DPR)资料,探讨浙东平原、丘陵和山地三种不同地形下台风外围环流降水阶段和台风本体降水阶段对流性降水和层云性降水的垂直结构特征。研究表明:(1) 浙东台风回波顶高度低于6 km左右(接近冻结层高度)时,雷达反射率因子中心的高度随地形抬升而升高,回波顶高度和降水率呈显著的正相关;当回波顶高度超过6 km时,回波顶高度与降水率的相关性减弱。台风对流性降水的回波顶高度分散,而台风层云性降水的回波顶高度整体较为集中,并分布在较高的高度上。(2) 台风对流性降水的高频中心主要分布在中低层大气中,对应的最大降水粒子直径较大,粒子数浓度较小,雨滴碰撞合并作用强。台风层云性降水的雷达反射率因子则在垂直方向上分布较广,云系旺盛且结构紧密,但最大降水粒子直径较小,强度弱于对流性降水。随着地形高度升高,台风层云性降水雷达反射率因子中心高度下降,台风对流性降水中心则逐渐升高。(3) 随着地形抬升,雷达反射率因子极值在冻结层附近的高度有明显升高,两类降水的粒子数浓度均出现下降,山地、丘陵地形下的降水粒子直径明显大于平原地形,表明地形作用导致大气不稳定性上升,水汽垂直输送作用以及雨滴碰撞合并效应显著。

     

    Abstract: Using data from the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) onboard Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, this study investigates the vertical structure characteristics of typhoon precipitation over three different terrains in Zhejiang East Plain, hilly areas, and mountainous regions, with a focus on convective and stratiform precipitation during the core precipitation phase and the outer circulation precipitation phase of typhoons. The results are as follows. (1) When the typhoon echo top height in Zhejiang East is below approximately 6 km (close to the freezing level), the height of the radar reflectivity factor center increases with the uplift of terrain, and there is a significant positive correlation between echo top height and precipitation rate. When the echo top height exceeds 6 km, the correlation between echo top height and precipitation rate weakens. The echo top heights of convective precipitation in typhoons are more dispersed, while that of stratiform precipitation is relatively concentrated at higher altitudes. (2) The high-frequency center of convective precipitation in typhoons is mainly distributed in the lower and middle atmosphere, corresponding to larger maximum particle diameters, lower particle number concentrations, and strong raindrop collision and coalescence effects. The radar reflectivity factor of stratiform precipitation in typhoons is widely distributed in the vertical direction, with vigorous cloud systems characterized by compact structures, but smaller maximum precipitation particle diameters and weaker intensity compared to convective precipitation. As terrain height increases, the center height of the radar reflectivity factor of stratiform precipitation decreases, while that of convective precipitation gradually increases. (3) As the terrain uplifts, the maximum value of the radar reflectivity factor near the freezing level shows a significant increase in height, with decreases in the particle number concentration of both precipitation types. The precipitation particle diameter in mountainous and hilly terrains is significantly larger than that in the plain terrain, indicating that the terrain effect intensifies atmospheric instability, strengthens the vertical transport of water vapor, and enhances the raindrop collision and coalescence effects.

     

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