Abstract: The atmospheric temperature profiles are very important for the study of meteorology, environment, climate, etc. Many active and passive remote sensing technologies have been developed to detect atmospheric temperature profiles. Changes in tropospheric temperature profiles significantly influence weather phenomena, so high precision remote sensing detection plays a crucial role in weather forecasting, disaster weather warning, and other related fields. This paper outlines the main methods and technologies for detecting atmospheric temperature profiles, analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of different remote sensing technologies, and focuses on the development status of laser remote sensing technology for detecting atmospheric temperature profiles in the troposphere, And then this paper discusses the advantages and technical challenges of Rayleigh high-spectral-resolution lidar and rotational Raman lidar. A discussion is conducted on the detection technology of cloud temperature, and it is pointed out that the technology combining active and passive remote sensing is an advantageous solution for achieving high-precision and high spatiotemporal resolution continuous observation of tropospheric temperature profiles. Finally, the development direction of this detection technology is discussed.