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西北典型工业园区暴雨灾害风险预警模型研究

Research on rainstorm disaster risk early warning model for typical industrial parks in northwest China

  • 摘要: 针对传统暴雨灾害风险预警模型在工业集聚区适用性不足的问题,以西北地区银川市典型工业园区——宁东能源化工基地(以下简称“宁东基地”)为例,基于气象观测、基础地理与社会经济数据,构建了宁东基地精细化暴雨灾害风险预警模型,并结合卫星遥感影像进行验证。结果表明:(1) 宁东基地地势南高北低、东高西低,人口和经济活动主要集中在园区中北部,历史最大过程累计雨量达203.2 mm,暴雨易造成厂区内涝、道路被淹、设备故障等灾害风险。(2) 结合工业园区特点,纳入企业密度、企业类型、生产环节脆弱性等要素,构建了涵盖危险性、暴露性、脆弱性和防灾减灾能力共4个维度、14项评价指标的暴雨灾害风险预警模型。(3) 基于高分1号卫星遥感影像的实例验证显示,暴雨灾害危险性等级与实际水体面积增幅成正相关,高综合风险区与承灾体高暴露性和高脆弱性区域的空间分布吻合,模型具有较高的准确性与适用性,在2025年汛期一次暴雨过程的应用中有效捕捉到了暴雨潜在灾害风险,支撑气象部门提前发布预警信息,具有较好的实用价值和推广前景。

     

    Abstract: There is a lack of effective rainstorm disaster risk early warning models tailored to industrial agglomeration areas. In this study, a refined rainstorm disaster risk early warning model was developed based on meteorological observations, basic geographic and socioeconomic data for the Ningdong Energy and Chemical Industrial Base, a typical industrial park in Yinchuan City, Northwest China. The model was further validated using satellite remote sensing imagery. The terrain of the Ningdong Base is higher in the south and east and lower in the north and west, with population and economic activities mainly concentrated in its north-central area. The historical maximum cumulative precipitation reaches 203.2 mm, which may trigger rainstorm-induced hazards including factory waterlogging, road inundation and equipment failures. To better represent the unique characteristics of industrial parks, industrial-specific factors such as enterprise density, enterprise type and production-link vulnerability were incorporated to develop the rainstorm disaster risk early warning model with 14 evaluation indicators covering four dimensions: hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity. Case validation of the risk warming model based on GF-1 satellite remote sensing imagery shows that rainstorm hazard levels are positively correlated with the increase in actual water body area. High-comprehensive-risk zones are spatially consistent with regions with high exposure and vulnerability of disaster-bearing bodies. The model exhibits high accuracy and applicability. When applied to a rainstorm event in the 2025 flood season, it effectively captured potential rainstorm risks and supported meteorological authorities in issuing early warning information in advance, demonstrating its practical value and potential for broader implementation in industrial parks.

     

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