Study on the performance of the regional air-sea coupled model on forecast accuracy of near-surface temperature and humidity in the surrounding areas of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea

Compared with other sea areas in China, the interaction between the Yellow and Bohai Sea surrounded by land on three sides and the mid latitude atmosphere has its uniqueness, and it is necessary to conduct research on the impact of air-sea coupled model on meteorological elements in this region. Based on the global forecasting and reanalysis data for the atmosphere and ocean, the numerical experiments are conducted using the high resolution regional air-sea coupled model (referred to as coupled model) and uncoupled model. By utilizing the actual observation data of the national surface conventional observation stations and the Chengbei Petroleum A platform in the inspection area, a comparative analysis was conducted on the prediction results of the near-surface atmospheric temperature and humidity elements in June 2020. In addition, according to the changes in sea surface temperature, air-sea heat flux, and wind field adjustments, the reasons for the impact of the air-sea bidirectional coupling process on the prediction of near-surface temperature and humidity factors were analyzed. The results show that the coupled model improves the forecasting of humidity element near-surface, with a predominantly humidifying effect. The impact area of bidirectional coupling between air and sea on temperature and humidity can extend to the entire area around the Yellow and Bohai Sea, thereby improving the prediction of near-surface temperature during the daytime and humidity elements of the coupled model in this area. The response of humidity to the air-sea bidirectional coupling is significantly faster than that of temperature, indicating that the regional air-sea coupling model first improves the forecast of near-surface humidity. The increase of latent heat flux over the sea surface after coupling is the main reason for the improvement in the forecast of temperature and humidity elements near the surface layer.